Oxford English Dictionary Collection 2009-2010 (Full Pack) | 4.24 GB

This update marks the extreme point of an era for the OED Online. After forty-three periodical quarterly updates, the OED Online is soon to get a unused look, with a new design and important new functionality.
The editors regard been contributing to the development process, and things are looking dutiful at >present for the relaunch. Watch out for more information completely the next couple of months...

But back to the current update. We're moving towards the end of the letter R, and the most significant of the twelve hundred or so entries revised and updated in this disengage (rod to rotness) include:

rod, rodent, rodeo, roe, roentgen, rogation, sturdy beggar, roil, role, roll, roller, roller skate, rollick, rolling, roll-out, whirl round-over, roly-poly, Roman, Roman Catholic, romance, Romanesque, Romanian, Romanist, Romano-, Romansh, wildly picturesque, romanticize, Romany, Romeo, romp, rondeau, rondo, rood, roof, rooftop, rook, rookery, rookie, stead, roomy, roost, rooster, root, rootsy, rope, ropy, Rorschach, rosary, rose, rosebud, rosemary, rosette, rosewood, roster, stage, rosy, rot, rotary, rotate, rotation, rote, rotifer, rotisserie.

We worked up~ roding (included in this release) for the Supplement to the OED back in the seventies. The roding is ?the completion by a male woodcock of a regular display flight at twilight and dawn?. I remember thinking I was glad there were check words like that around, and revising the entry has allowed us to prevail upon it (and the associated verb and noun rode) right up to epoch.

Woodcocks are mentioned in more OED definitions than one might imagine (there are twenty-four instances). Another of our words, rogue, illustrates unlike issues. The most important new fact about the word rogue (similar to far as its treatment in the OED is concerned) is that it can now be documented from the late Middle English period (Caxton, 1489: in a version of Christine de Pisan), rather than from the Early Modern continuance. Previously, the earliest reference in the OED dated from 1561, a time whereas the apparent prevalence of bands of rogues and vagabonds in Britain was the subject of main concern to the national and local authorities. But wandering rogues and vagabonds were a tardy-standing problem, viewed by some as originally a continental malaise going back well into the fifteenth hundred. And so it is not entirely surprising to find late Middle English documentation for the word.

One of the largest set of entries in the current remit is the roll group, following hard on the heels of the still words in the previous release. The verb roll has 187 senses in its revised cut, dating from the Middle English period (around 1325, of a utensil swaying or rocking on the sea) right up to 1991, through the recent American rap-inspired meaning ?to act or behave (in a confident way)? first recorded in MC Hammer and Felton Pilate's small sum ?This is the way we roll?. In all, 130 of the senses in the inlet for the verb roll (i.e. 69.5%) have been on condition with earlier attestations as a result of reading (books) and penetrating (databases) on the part of editors and contributors. This is single in kind of the highest rates we have recorded to date.

This starting a~ material has its effect on the structure of the entry. In OED1, wheel opens in revolving and rotating mode, and the senses are ordered to make plain this. After reviewing the evidence for OED3 we start the ingress in a way which slightly undercuts (I think correctly) the free from bashfulness Victorian certainty of rolling. The first senses recorded in English are in the senses of ?swaying? and ?wearing below the horizon, smoothing?, before the all-powerful revolving sense takes over. The dating is not particularly significant at this distance in time, but it's a valuable reminder that semantic evolution is not necessarily as straightforward as we force imagine it to be in retrospect.

There are numerous other momentous terms in this range. One which is more recent that tumble about, but perhaps older than many people think, is rookie (probably a shortening of recruit). In 1909, when the instalment covering this range of the vocabulary was first published, OED1 left us tantalizingly wanting more. The liliputian entry for rooky simply read ?slang. A raw recruit.? and granted a single quotation (from Kipling's Many Inventions, 1893) as its documentary evince for the term. For the OED Supplement of 1933, this was expanded ~ means of the addition of two later quotations, and a further meaning: ?a neophyte at base-ball?.

This is clearly a word that has pricked the consciences of lexicographers of the ended century. The Supplement to the OED of 1982 (vol. 3) moved the ingress from the spelling rooky to rookie, and added a one-year antedating (1892, once more from Kipling: Barrack Room Ballads), and a further fifteen illustrative examples, mightily from the 20th century. It handled all meanings (an army supply, a police recruit, a novice on a sports team) as hades of the basic meaning ?a raw recruit?. The Supplement then added a more remote paragraph of ten quotations showing the word in adjectival use.

The rise of all this supplementation is that the entry is awash through helpful additions, but lacks some of its original focus. In revising it, today's editors had exuberance of scope for reviewing the content and structure of the hall. As revised, the noun (of course in the principal form rookie) has couple major sub-meanings: recruits in a profession (the army or police, etc.), and recruits in successi~ a sports team. Until several weeks before this range was signed most distant for publication, our earliest evidence for the word came from the warehouse London Society for 1883 (predating Kipling). But as the boom came prostrate on the entry, a substantial antedating from Colburn's United Services Magazine (1868) arrived, and that popularly stands as the first reference to rookie that has been discovered. It was a comparatively new term in English when the OED first noted it in 1909. One hundred years later its rookie status has been consolidated into a fixed entry in the revised OED.

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